What are the advantages of a multiple column grid? Breaks up the space, keeps an organized structure, line things up, create symmetry, create a flexible, different column widths.
How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line? Optimal characters for a line length is 45-75 and words per line is 10-12. It depends on typesize to add or subtract words.
Why is the baseline grid used in design? The main principle of the baseline grid is that the bottom of every line of text (the baseline) falls on a vertical grid set in even increments all the way down the page.
What is a typographic river? Visually unattractive gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text. They can occur with any spacing, though they are most noticeable with wide inter-word spaces caused by either full text justification or monospaced fonts.
From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean? A flow line is the horizontal line that appears on a layout within the text; so your eye goes through the page.
How can you incorporate white space into your designs? Having space around the outside of your text, not filling the page with images and text, or using cutouts in your text. Grouping, don't put text to the edges.
What is type color/texture mean? Apparent blackness of a block of text resulting from the combined effect of the relative thickness of the strokes of individual characters, their width and point size, and the leading (line spacing) used in setting the text.
What is x-height, how does it effect type color? The height of those lowercase letters such as "x", which do not have ascenders or descenders. The lowercase 'x' is used for measurement since it usually sits squarely on the baseline. The larger the x-height, the darker the color the letter seems. Basically, the color is spread out and the ends of the letter are darker than the middle.
In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean? The specific amount of space between words. Minimum being the smallest amount you want it to go, the optimum just right, and the maximum being the very most that you want to use.
What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules? Some ways are to indent, hanging indent, tracking. One rule is that if you track it, then you can't indent it.
What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text? -- Avoid more than two hyphenations in a row, avoid too many hyphenations in any paragraph, avoid stupid hyphenations, never hyphenate a heading, break lines sensibly.
What is a literature? The entire body of writings of a specific language or period.
What does CMYK and RGB mean? Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key Black, & Red, Green, Blue.
What does hanging punctuation mean? Hanging punctuation or exdentation is a way of typesetting punctuation marks and bullet points, most commonly quotation marks and hyphens, so that they do not disrupt the ‘flow’ of a body of text or ‘break’ the margin of alignment. It is so called because the punctuation appears to ‘hang’ in the margin of the text, and is not incorporated into the block or column of text. It is commonly used when text is fully justified.
What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe? A foot mark looks like a straight apostrophe but is not, it is used for measurements of feet. An apostrophe is for contractions and other things but not for measurements.
What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)? The same thing goes for inches and quotes. Inch marks are for measurements while quote marks look like two apostrophes and are used for quoting and not measuring.
What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used? A hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. It is often confused with dashes ( –, —, ― ), which are longer and have different uses. One em wide, the em dash indicates missing material or a break in thought. Spaces may be added to both sides of the em dash. One en wide, the en dash indicates duration, "to" or "through" such as, "refer to pages 4-9." It may also be used in compound adjectives (as in post-World War 1~). A space can be added to both sides of the en dash.
What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures? A special double character in a font representing two letters as one. For example, ae and oe. One character that is made up of two or more letters. They are used to increase writing speed and helps with kerning. fi fl
