Typography Homework 9/28

Font Classification- A basic system for classifying typefaces was devised in the nineteenth century, when printers sought to identify a heritage for their own craft analogous to that of art history. Humanist letterforms are closely connected to calligraphy and the movement of the hand. Transitional and modern typefaces are more abstract and less organic. These three main groups correspond roughly to the Renaissance, Baroque, and Enlightenment periods in art and literature. Designers in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have continued to create new typefaces based on historic characteristics.

Old Style- Greater contrast between thick and thin strokes and generally sharper in appearance. -- Sabon, Plantin, Palatino

Transitional- Regularity and precision. -- ITC New Baskerville, Olympian STD, Bookman STD

Modern- Thin, straight serifs, vertical axis, and sharp contrast from thick to thin strokes. -- Bodini, Nara, Century Gothic

Slab Serif- Defined by thick square-ended serifs. -- Clarendon, Ziggurat, ITC Lubalin Graph

Sans Serif- Stripped to the bare minimum by losing the serif appendages. -- Akzidenz Grotesk, Franklin Gothic, Futura

Script- Strived to translate the inherently dynamic, fluid, and imperfect act of writing into metal, wood, photo, and digital typefaces. -- Brush Script, Sinclair, Bickham Script

Blackletter- A gradual and diverse evolution of varied sources like Carolingian, Old English, and the handcrafted work of scribes dating as far back as the ninth century in France, Italy, and Germany. -- Lucida Blackletter, San Marco, Fette Fraktur

Grunge- Jarring and aesthetic and philosophy that contrasts with the conventions of classic typography. -- Dead History, MC Auto, Turbo Ripped

Monospaced- Take their cue from typewriters, where all letters conform to a specific physical width, resulting in letterforms that must expand or condense to make the best use of the allotted space. -- Courier, Orator, OCR A

Undeclared- Flared serifs attached to sans serif structures. -- Optima, Copperplate Gothic